The central government has decided to provide benefits including medical insurance to temporary workers known as gig workers. However, it has become a topic of discussion that such schemes do not reach a large number of them.
Those engaged in temporary, part-time food delivery, contract-based, short-term, flexible task-based jobs are defined as gig workers. These are workers who do not fall within the employer-employee framework. The central government has also recognized their contribution under the new-generation economy.
What is the truth?
In the 2025-26 budget, it was announced that insurance coverage would be provided to those registered on the platform introduced in 2021 (e-Shram Portal). On February 1, 2025, Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman also made the announcement for this. She said that this would benefit more than one crore temporary workers.
Since then, those in such temporary jobs have been registering on the e-Shram portal at a rapid pace. However, the gap in those numbers shows that most workers did not benefit from that announcement. It also shows the inadequacy in measuring the growing number of temporary workers.
The minister has noted that so far one crore users have joined. However, only 8.58 lakh temporary workers have registered on the e-Shram portal. The Union Ministry of Labour and Employment informed the Rajya Sabha of this figure as of January 29, 2026. The portal contains information only up to this date.
Even if this number had doubled after January, it would still have reached only 15 percent of the estimated total. This means that 5 out of 6 temporary workers remain beyond the government’s reach.
In several answers given in Parliament last year, it was stated that India’s number of temporary workers exceeds one crore.
This information was taken from the data published in NITI Aayog’s June 2022 report, The Growing Temporary Workforce in India, Digital Platform Economy. The report had estimated that the number of workers in 2020-21 may have been 77 lakh.
Informal / temporary workers
If the government does not make an effort to count how many temporary workers there are, we have to rely only on NITI Aayog’s report. It has estimated that there will be 1.27 crore in 2024-25 and 1.43 crore in 2025-26.
The government has set up the National Database of Unorganized Workers (NDUW) as an integrated platform for linking, registering, and availing benefits using supporting documents. Through this, it can also track how many unorganized workers there are along with temporary workers.
The 2025 periodic labour force survey details state that India’s total workforce is 61.6 crore, of which 2 percent are temporary workers. However, the periodic labour force survey does not separately classify temporary workers.
What are the benefits?
Under the 2020 Social Security for Temporary Workers Act, which came into effect last year, only those who have registered will be considered temporary workers. That law has promised them countless benefits.
Accident insurance, maternity benefits, social security fund, and many more benefits will be available. The promise made for insurance in the 2025-26 budget has increased the number of people who have registered.
However, registrations have not been uniform across states. Highly urbanized Tamil Nadu (31,654), Telangana (29,251), and Kerala (11,219) do not even figure among the top 10 states with the highest registrations.
According to NITI Aayog’s 2022 report, it has been noted that there are temporary workers in 21 sectors. Based on e-Shram registrations, it is known that these sectors include agriculture, healthcare, education, retail trade, those engaged in the food sector, transportation, and domestic helpers. The government should take appropriate measures to bring light into the lives of these workers, whose future is uncertain.
